Uterine fibroid embolization (UFE) is an advanced minimally invasive medical procedure that offers an effective alternative to traditional surgical operations such as hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) or myomectomy (removal of fibroids). The goal of the procedure is to treat severe symptoms caused by fibroids, which are very common benign tumors in the uterine wall. These symptoms often include heavy and prolonged menstrual bleeding, anemia, chronic pelvic pain, pressure on the bladder, and a feeling of heaviness in the lower abdomen. The treatment is suitable for women suffering from these symptoms who wish to preserve their uterus or avoid open surgery and a long recovery time.

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The process is performed in a catheterization room by an interventional radiologist, usually under deep sedation and local anesthesia, without the need for full general anesthesia. The physician inserts a catheter (a thin, flexible tube) through a tiny puncture in the groin artery or wrist. Using advanced X-ray fluoroscopy guidance, the physician navigates the catheter up the arterial system until precisely reaching the arteries supplying blood to the uterus and fibroids. At this point, special tiny particles (embolic agent) are injected through the catheter. These particles are carried in the bloodstream, get stuck in the small blood vessels feeding the fibroids, and block them. Blocking the blood and oxygen supply causes the fibroids to "starve," gradually shrink, and die, thereby bringing significant relief in symptoms over time, while the healthy uterine tissue recovers thanks to alternative blood supply.