Tumor embolization is a minimally invasive treatment method where the blood vessels supplying the tumor are catheterized and blocked to cut off the blood supply to the tumor, causing the destruction of cancer cells. These treatments can lead to disease control and reduction but generally do not result in a cure.

The procedure begins with local anesthesia at the access point, usually in the groin or wrist. The interventional radiologist inserts a thin catheter through an artery and guides it carefully through the blood vessel system using continuous X ray fluoroscopy for maximum precision. When the tip of the catheter reaches the exact location of the blood vessels feeding the tumor, blocking materials called embolic agents are injected through it. These materials can be tiny particles, small metal coils, or drug releasing spheres. The blockage starves the tumor of oxygen and essential nutrients, leading to the death of cancer cells and the reduction of the tumor mass. At the end of the procedure, the catheter is removed and light pressure is applied to the puncture point to prevent bleeding.

There is a wide range of embolization treatments, with or without the use of chemotherapeutic drugs, for various indications. Below are the main indications for tumor embolization:​​
 

Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)
Embolization is an accepted treatment for primary liver tumors that cannot be removed by surgery or ablation, especially when the liver is affected by cirrhosis. The treatment allows for stopping the progression of the disease while preserving as much liver function as possible.
 

Liver Metastases
Metastases from various sources, such as colorectal cancer, GIST tumors, neuroendocrine tumors, and others, provided there is no significant extrahepatic disease or if it is under control. Local treatment helps reduce the tumor burden in this organ.
 

Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC)
Embolization is used as a preliminary treatment for surgery to prevent significant bleeding during the operation or as palliative care to reduce symptoms of unresectable kidney tumors. Blocking the blood vessels reduces tumor volume and assists the surgeon.
 

Bone Cancer and Bone Metastases
Embolization is used for pain relief and the treatment of bone metastases that cannot be surgically removed, especially when they cause unbearable pain or pathological fractures. The treatment leads to a significant improvement in the patient's quality of life.
 

Gastrointestinal Tumors
Liver metastases from colorectal and pancreatic cancer are targets for embolization to control the tumor and reduce symptoms that interfere with daily functioning.